您现在的位置是: 首页 > 政策解读 政策解读

高考英语被动语态专项训练,被动语态高考题

tamoadmin 2024-07-09 人已围观

简介1.2019高考全国卷一英语第65题 答案是have reported,为什么不用被动语态?2.英语长难句可以帮我解释下吗,谢谢3.什么词后加动词不定式 包括规律等等4.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-全面回顾被动语态(四)5.高三高考跪求英语时态的总结?2014年广东高考英语答案解析 I 语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)答案及解析:

1.2019高考全国卷一英语第65题 答案是have reported,为什么不用被动语态?

2.英语长难句可以帮我解释下吗,谢谢

3.什么词后加动词不定式 包括规律等等

4.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-全面回顾被动语态(四)

5.高三高考跪求英语时态的总结?

高考英语被动语态专项训练,被动语态高考题

2014年广东高考英语答案解析

I 语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

答案及解析: (“可乐”解释)

本文首先指出父母与十几岁的孩子之间存在矛盾冲突及其原因,然后是研究发现的不同父母对此采取的不同方法,有的方法较另一些方法更有效果,最后一段是心理学家对解决冲突的建议。

1. D 由not easy living with them (their parents) (孩子觉得与父母生活在一起不易)与difficult to live with teenagers(父母觉得与十几岁的孩子生活在一起很难)可知,孩子与父母有“相似的”感受。(逻辑推断)

2. B 由前两句,可知父母之间有“矛盾”,再根据regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks(关于不整洁和日常事情),对照各选项,只有argument(争吵)适合。(逻辑推断)

3. C 由前句的untidiness和后面的clothes thrown on the floor可知,房间是messy(凌乱不堪的)。(逻辑推断;也可将untidiness与messy看作是近义复现)

4. B 由上文提到的收拾房间之类的事,应是housework(家务活)。(上下义复现)

5. C 由后面的not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping可知,这里应是dropping the towel in the bathroom,一起为blame them的原因。(逻辑推断,或词语同现,受责备的应都是负面的意思)

6. A 由下句的However, some approaches提示,可知这里是指“不同的父母对待这些问题有不同的‘方法’”。 (原词复现)

7. D 从下面的例子可以看出,有的方法比别的方法更能“达到预期的目的(successful)”。下文中的do better也有提示作用。(逻辑推断)

8. A 指yell at their children(对孩子大声叫喊)之后,意为“但是‘后来’又为他们清扫房间”。 (逻辑推断)

9. A 改变孩子不爱整洁的“行为(behavior)”。 (逻辑推断)

10. C 据下文所举的例子“不帮父母去买东西”“在冰箱里就找不到自己最喜欢的饮料”可知,这是让孩子“感受到自己的行为产生的‘后果’”。 (逻辑推断)

11. D 在有了上述经历之后,他们就会“重新考虑”他们的行动。(逻辑推断)

12. A 由下文中的Communication is a two-way process可知,此处填communication。事实上,当完成第13空后,就基本上确定此题选A了。(原词复现)

13. D 由but可知,要选与lend an ear to(=listen to倾听)相对的talk。(词语同现;逻辑推断)

14. B 由but可知,要选与understand (理解)相对的scold(责骂)。(词语同现;逻辑推断)

15. C 此句是强调结构,是对前两句的总结,一句是说要lend an ear to(=listen to倾听),一句是说要understand (倾听),所以总结为“只有通过倾听和相互理解,父母与孩子之间的问题才可得到解决”。 (原词复现)

第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

本文是讲我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游,当到达目的地后,来到六个月前订的宾馆,却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的,且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时,经理出来了,将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间,且不另外收他们的钱,这真是个意外的意外。

16. it 在said后的宾语从句中缺主语,应填代词;指代前句中的Miami这个地方,应用it。

17. earlier 在句中作状语,依然用副词;不变词性,可考虑用比较级;由时态had made,可知是“早在六个月前”就订好了。

18. were told 由句意或tell sb. sth.这一句型结构可知,是“我们被告知”,由上下文的时态可知,用一般过去时的被动语态。

19. but 这是考虑not…but…结构,意为“不是为那个星期订的,而是为后一个星期所订的”。

20. why 意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”,故用why引导宾语从句。

21. for 因charge…for…是习惯搭配。

22. surprisingly 因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful,所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful,指“令人惊讶地,意外的”,故填surprisingly。

23. the 特指“在顶楼”。

24. where 先行词是地点the beach且在定语从句中作状语,故填where (=on which =and on the beach =and there)。

25. sunburnt 在表示“变化”的got后作表语,要用形容词;sunburn是名词。

Ⅱ 阅读(共两节,满分50分)

第一节 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)

答案及解析:

本文是记叙文,介绍有音乐天才的Samuel Osmond。

26. D 细节理解题。由第一段中的However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them可知选D。顺便提醒,有however或but的地方往往是出题的地方,可以注意哟。

27. B 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句 “Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents,but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music”可知选B,Samuel按照父母的意愿是想做律师的,而不是做音乐家。因按父母的意愿是学法律,按老师的建议学音乐,故D错。

28. C 综合细节题。由第三段最一句Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised和第三四句 “I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note”可知,他不用看音符就能演奏钢琴,故选C。

29. B 推断隐含意义。由第四段最后一句Samuel says confidently, “It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”可推出。

30. B 选择标题题。也属主旨要义题。每段都有Samuel,全文都是说学法津的Samuel有音乐天才。

答案及解析:

31. B 细节推断题。第一段说Natalie Smith 为其后面的六辆车交费,第二段交等了其中的原因,是她看到的 “Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty”这句话给了她深刻印象,由此推断,她是受这句话的启发,“想给他人施恩”,故选B。

32. A 细节理解题。由第三段第三句“I thought it was beautiful,” she said, explaining why she’d taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters可知,选A。选项B文中无信息支持,无中生有;选项C“决定将其写在仓库墙上”与文中“看到离家很远的一个仓库墙上看到这句话”意义不同,张冠李戴;虽然文中有她老公将其写在教室的墙上,但并不是她要他写的,更不是她抄写这句话的目的,与事实不符。

33. D 细节理解题。本题是问“谁想出这句话来的”,由第四段中的 “It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper”可知,是Anne Herbert想出这句话来的。可用排除法,Natalie Smith是在朋友的冰霜上看到的,Judy Foreman是在仓库的墙上抄下来的,Alice Johnson是从她女儿那得知的,她女儿是因为Judy Foreman的老公将此句写在教室的墙上而得知的,故不是这三个人想出来的。

34. C 推断句子意义。推断词、短语或句子意思,需结合上下文去理解。本段中先是Anne Herbert解释她想出的那句话意为:你认为(生活中或世界上)应该多一些存在的事,那么你就随意去做这样的事。接说着她想象中的这类事包括“给破旧教室粉墙”“在穷人区的厨房里留下热饭”等善举。那么该段结尾的话“善举和暴力一样可以在它们自己的基础上建立起来”,其真正的含义是什么呢?再看看接下来这一段,特别是第一句“随意的善举是可以传播或蔓延”,可知“善举同暴力一样是可以自我繁衍的”,故选C。

35. B 推理判断题。由最后一段的第一和第二句可以推知:受到恩惠的人很可能会施惠于他人,将恩惠传播下去。

答案及解析:

本文作者叙述的是自己申请叫做灯塔计划的志愿者工作的过程和被选作志愿者后去阿布加附近的一个小村庄工作的经历,这段经历让作者学到了许多,改变了人生。

36. A 细节理解题。由第一段第二句 “My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical”可知,作者的大学教育注重的是理解知识,选A。

37. A 推理判断题。由第二段最后一句In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family(总之,我并不是轻易决定申请灯塔计划的,我的家人也一样不是轻易决定的)和第三段首句Eventually, however, I won the support of my family(然而,最后我赢得了家人的赞同)可以推断出,作者是同家人讨论商量过的。

38. D 推理判断题。由第二段的第二句 “After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone”可推知,作者面临了与其他候选人的激烈竞争。选项A“参加了许多讨论”,文中无信息支持,是无中生有,应排除;选项B“经历了富有挑战性的生存测试”,特别是由survival可知,编题者利用了文中的只言片语(survive, test),编造与文中不符的信息,迷惑考生,应排除;选项C“写了相当多的有关志愿者工作的论文”与文中“sent in all the paperwork needed for the application(呈送申请所需要的文书)”不符,应排除。故选D。

39. C 细节理解题。由第四段Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family可知,一到达这个村庄时,他受到村民的热情接待,故选C。文中信息具体,正确选项是对其概括。

40. A 推理判断题。由最后一段第一句all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did(他当初觉得奇怪或不寻常的所有事现在都不再觉得奇怪了)可推断,已适应了,但当初不适应时要适应这些,是有困难的,故选A。

答案及解析:

本文是说明文,介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。

41. B 词义猜测题。由前面的so many shoes和后面的to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear,特别是sell,可知是建立交易市场,故选B。

42. C 细节理解题。由第二段二、三、四句 “He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment”可知,选C。

43. A 细节理解题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them (serious beachcombers) and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed及其后几句可知,选A,“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。

44. D 细节理解题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean可知,选D。

45. C 写作目的题,也属主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段,即However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way---by studying movements of random floating garbage,由此可知选C。

第二节信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息,请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先请阅读某大学提供给学生的项目信息:

答案及解析:

46. B 题中organize an outdoor activity, as an instructor与选项B中的organize sports activities and other outdoor pursuits, as an instructor相匹配。

47. C 题中I can help the elderly and the disabled与选项C中the physically and mentally handicapped, …the elderly相匹配。

48. D 题中if only I could stay in Spain (西班牙[欧洲]) as an exchange student与选项D中的studying at a foreign university in Europe相匹配。

49. F 题中I’m well prepared to work as a language instructor与F中的Language Teachers Abroad相匹配。

50. E 题中wildlife, I specialize in zoology, and I’m a good observer与monitoring wildlife相匹配。

Ⅲ 写作(共两节,满分40分)

第一节 基础写作(共1小题;满分15分)

你接受了一项写作任务,要为当地英语晚报写一篇报道。

参考范文:

Version 1:

Richard Avis, a British who was born on December 1st, 1974, has started to look for time twins in the world since 2011 in order to know about different meanings of successful life in different culture. He uses the local media to help himself. So far, he has found 32 people, including 17 men and 15 women from 13 countries. They are officials, athletes, drivers, teachers and artists. He plans to find 40 time twins before his fortieth birthday and then he intends to write a book according to this experience.

第二节 读写任务(共1小题;满分25分)

阅读下面短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

参考范文:

Version 1:

Oseola McCarty was a laundrywoman for more than 75 years. She earned a few dollars each time. But she donated $150,000 which was her life savings to help the students who needed financial help.

I think her behavior is worth praising and very unselfish. Everyone should help others in need. But how much to donate should be based on our actual situation. The $150,000 is very helpful to the students who have financial problems. They can buy many things they need as other students. And they may be more grateful and kinder. Therefore, it’s more likely for them to help others in the future.

If I am going to give donations, I will choose students too. They are in the most important period in their life. They need to get a long education. They have to buy a lot of books, pencil-cases, pens, erasers and so on, which will certainly cost a lot. They are growing up rapidly, which needs a lot of nutrition. If they don’t have enough money, they can’t eat enough food and take in enough energy. In a word, money is very important to students.

2019高考全国卷一英语第65题 答案是have reported,为什么不用被动语态?

将来时有几种表达方法:

最常见的

will

do,还有对于快速移动的动词(如:go/come/arrive/fly/take等)用be

going(现在进行时)可以表达将来要做的动作,还有一种是:be

(about)

to

do

,即be动词后面加动词不定式(about可以省略)表示马上、立即将要发生的动作,如:

i

am

(about)

to

go

out.

我马上就要出门了

这个句子中因为主句处在过去时的语境中,led(lead的过去式),后面的宾语从句

believe

that...

的时态要保持一致,在过去的将来发生的动作,因此将be动词变形为was,即过去将来时

另外还用了动词不定式的被动语态,因为make

a

fortune(谁发财,赚大钱)这个词组中,fortune(运气、财气)是宾语,宾语提前要用被动语态,就是运气要来了,最终成为了:was

to

be

made(不能选b,因为是主动语态make,是不对的)

英语长难句可以帮我解释下吗,谢谢

In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 belief (believe) that populations are increasing.

主语是some Inuit people in Nunayut(people是人)report当然主动,

in recent years,现在完成时时间状语,

所以,用have reported

什么词后加动词不定式 包括规律等等

阅读是英语考试的重中之重,对英语阅读中的长难句理解是攻克阅读的有效方法。本文将着重讲解高考英语阅读真题中的长难句,希望提高大家阅读能力。

长难句解题思路

1. 首先寻找连词:连词包含并列连词,从属连词和关系词,并且依据连词将长句划分成短句;

2. 依据五大句型基本结构,判断短句的句子成分。注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词(现在分词,动名词,过去分词,不定式),明确句子的谓语动词,剥离定语,状语,从而确定句子的基本结构。

第1句:时间状语从句,定语从句

When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.

长句分析:

(1) when 引导的是时间状语从句;

(2) he had seen: 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语,因此省略了关系代词that。注意:先行词为不定代词everything时,关系代词不可使用Which;

(3) to the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语;

(4) describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;

长句翻译:当他回来时,这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。

第2句:目的状语从句,宾语从句

The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.

长句分析:

(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句,so 前面的句子是主句,that 后面的句子是目的状语从句;

(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语,it 是指示代词, 指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语;

(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;

(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法;

长句翻译:机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序,这样它才能知道它要做什么。

第3句:定语从句

The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.

长句分析:

(1) 并列连词but 链接了两并列句,前面一个句子为复合句;

(2) Jackie chose: 是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词company的,由于定语从句中缺少宾语,所以该定语从句省略了关系代词that/which;

(3) choose: 选择;选取;挑选;决定;过去式:chose, 过去分词:chosen;

(4) plan to do something: 计划做某事;

(5) more than + 数量词: 超过,多余,相当于over;

(6) apply for : 提出申请;申请…职位;请求;

长句翻译:杰基选择的那家公司只打算雇用一个人,但有二十多个人申请了这份工作。

第4句:定语从句

Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing.

长句分析:

(1)who引导了一个定语从句,修饰先行词a Chinese man;

(2)around : 大约, Around this time的大约这个时候;

(3) start doing something: 开始做某事;

长句翻译:大约在这个时候,我开始和一个中国人在一个乐队里演奏,他成了我在北京最好的朋友之一。

第5句:条件状语从句

I will tell you about it if no water is spilt when you reach here.

长句分析:

(1)主句是I will tell you about it, if 引导条件状语从句,when引导时间状语从句;

(2)tell somebody something = tell something to somebody: 告诉某人某事;

(3)spill: 溢出,涌出,蜂拥而出。过去式:spilt/spilled; 过去分词:spilt/spilled;

现在分词:spilling

长句翻译:如果你到这儿时没有水溅出来,我会告诉你的。

第6句:结果状语从句

The crocodile noticed that accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth.

长句分析:

(1) so 前后链接的两个句子表示因果关系,前面是因,后面是果;

(2) down he dived : 是将副词down 提到了主语的前面,用于强调down;

(3) dive: 猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;

(4) bring something up: 养育,抚养,养大;谈及;提出;呕吐;咳出;

长句翻译:鳄鱼注意到了这个意外,于是他潜了下去,用大嘴把它带上来。

第7句:原因状语从句,宾语从句,比较状语从句

Frost thinks kids don`t find the experience of being taught by smart machine as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones.

长句分析:

(1)because引导了一个原因状语从句,前面为主语,后面为从句;

(2)thinks 后面是宾语从句,该宾语从句省略了引导词that;

(3)as strange as: 引导了比较状语从句,第一个as 前面是主句,第二个as和后面是从句;

(4)在宾语从句kids don`t find , find 是谓语, the experience of … 是宾语且核心词是experience, strange是宾语补足语;

(5)Of being taught : being taught 是动名词的被动语态,做介词Of的宾语,因为孩子是被智能机器教,因此使用倍动态;

(6)in a time of : 在原因状语从句中充当grown up的时间状语。

词汇语法解析:

(1)find + somebody/something + 形容词:发现/认为/觉得 某人/某怎么样。形容词为宾语补足语,和宾语somebody/something 构成了复合宾语:

find the book interesting: 觉得这本书很有趣;

(2)动名词的被动语态:being done

The boy missed being hurt by the car.

这个男孩避免了被车伤到;

(3)grow up: 长大;

(4)in a time of : 在…时期

句子翻译:

Frost认为孩子们不像老人那样觉得被智能机器教导的经历和奇怪,因为他们生长在一个手机和电脑都很普及的时代。

第8句:非限定性定语从句

She and a group friends are using their program skill to create a new app called Food of Thought , which will allow parents, students and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students who are in a nearby school.

长句分析:

(1)首先寻找连词,关系代词which引导了一个非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词Food of Thought . 因此which前面是主句,which后面是从句;

(2)在which引导的定语从句中,who 是关系代词,引导定语从句修饰先行词students, 并且在定语从句中做主语;

(3)在which引导的定语从句, which 是主语,allow 是谓语,to donate 是宾语补足语;

(4)在主句中出现三个动词 using, create, called, 需要区分谓语动词和非谓语动词。Using是谓语动词,to create是动词不定式做宾语补足语,Called 是过去分词短语做后置定语,修饰app;

重点词汇语法解析:

(1)donate: 赠送;献(血);捐献(器官);捐款,捐赠;

donation : 名词形式

donate something to somebody/something : 将…捐献给某人/某物;

(2)过去分词短语做后置定语:表示被动

a book written by Moyan :一本由莫言写的书;

a shopping mall opened last month: 一个上个月开张的购物商场;

(3)allow:允许

allow doing sth (allow to do 不正确)

allow sb to do sth

(4) kind-hearted: 仁慈的;善良的;宽容的;好心的;

(5)account:帐户;帐目;描述,报告;解释,说明;

open an account: 开银行账户;

keep detailed account: 记明细账;

He gave a detailed account of what happen on that night.

他详细的描述了那天晚上发生的事。

(6)account for :

(a)(数量,比例上)占…

Computer accounts for 5% of expense.

电脑占据开支的5%。

(b)说明,解释(原因,理由)

I can't account for why it happened.

我不能解释这件事为什么发生了。

长句翻译:

她和一群朋友正在利用他们的程序技巧,开发一款名为“思想食物”的新应用程序,该应用程序将允许家长、学生甚至善良的陌生人向附近学校学生的午餐账户捐款。

第9句:时间状语从句

Bees are now in danger and its number is going down every year largely because of human activity, while a third of the world's food production depends on this yellow and dark insect and other pollinators .

长句分析:

(1)首先寻找连词:and, while

(2)while 作为连词有两个作用,一是并列连词,表示转折,翻译成“然而”,二是从属连词,引导时间状语从句,翻译成“当…的时候”。根据题意可知,此时while 为并列连词;

(3)此长句的前半部分是由and连接的两个并列句,前半部分主语+系统词 + 介词短语构成的主系表结构,后半部分是现在进行时;because of 为介词短语做原因状语

重要词汇语法解析:

(1)in danger :垂危;处于危险中;处于危险之中;

(2)go down :下降;下沉;下降,降低;消退

(3)because of :因为,由于;

(4)production :生产,产量;

(5)depend on :依靠

it all depends: 看情况

(6) a third :三分之一, two thirds :三分之二:英语中分数由两部分组成”基数词 + 序数词”,当基数词大于1时,序数词要使用复数形式;

长句翻译:蜜蜂现在正处于危险之中,它的数量每年都在下降,这主要是由于人类的活动,而世界上三分之一的粮食产量都依赖于这种**和深色的昆虫和其他授粉者。

第10句:定语从句

In 1767, the British introduced new laws that increased the prices of all goods which were brought into America .

长句分析:

(1)首先寻找连词:that, which

(2)that 引导了定语从句,修饰先行词laws ,并且that 在定语从句中充当主语的成分;

(3)which 引导了定语从句,修饰先行词all goods, 并且which 在定语从句中做主语。注意:该定语从句是被动语态,系动词使用复数形式were, 是因为和先行词all goods 保持主谓一致;

(4)introduce: 介绍, 采纳,发起;

长句翻译:1767年,英国实行了新的法律,提高了所有带入美国的商品的价格。

第11句:原因状语从句,宾语从句

As the family have picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all kinds of activities together.

长句分析:

(1)首先寻找连词:as, that;

(2)as 放在句首引导原因状语从句,从句后面是主句;

(3)在主句中,they 是主语,find是谓语动词,that引导宾语从句,做find的 宾语;

(4)在宾语从句中, can spend是符合谓语,time为宾语, talking, playing, doing 是由三个动名词构成的并列宾语补足语;

重点词汇解析:

(1)as可以引导愿意状语从句,翻译成“因为,由于”,语气没有because强烈,是对主句的一个附加说明,主句和从句之间没有必然的因果关系;

(2)pick up: 学会,养成;

(3)lifestyle: 生活方式;

(4)spend time (in) doing something ;

spend time on something :

花费时间做某事;

(5) all kinds of : 各种各样的

长句翻译:随着这个家庭开始接受新的生活方式,他们发现他们可以花更多的时间边吃饭边聊天,一起运动,一起做各种活动。

第12句:原因状语从句,定语从句

Those who choose to be happy must help others to find happiness , as the happiness of each has something to do with the happiness of all.

长句分析:

(1) 首先寻找连词:who, as;

(2) as 引导原因状语从句,as 前面的句子是主句;

(3)在主句中,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词those, 并且在定语从句中充当主;

(4)Must help 是主句的符合谓语,others 是宾语,to find happiness 是宾语补足语 ;

重点词汇解析:

(1)choose to do something: 选择做某事;

(2)help somebody ( to ) do something : 帮助某人做某事,to可以省略;

(3)happiness: 幸福;

(4)have something to do with : 和…有关系;

have nothing to do with: 和…无关系;

长句翻译:选择快乐的人必须帮助别人找到幸福,因为每个人的幸福都与所有人的幸福有关。

第13句:宾语从句

A survey made by Nelsen last year showed that kids are using mobile phone even before they got into their teens.

长句分析:

首先找出连词,有that, before ;

(1)that 引导宾语从句,做动词showed 的宾语。在此宾语从句中,before 引导时间状语从句,before前面是that宾语从句的主句;

(2)a survey 是整个复合句的主语,其中 made by Nelsen last year是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰survey;

重点词汇解析:

(1)survey : 调查;信息反馈;问卷调查;

(2)get into : 进入;穿上;成癖;陷于......;

(3)teens: 青少年;十多岁;青少年读物(13到19岁之间)

长句翻译:尼尔森去年做的一项调查显示,孩子们甚至在十几岁之前就开始使用手机。

第14句:强调句型,定语从句

Most of the time, it is not the problem you meet with but your reaction to the problem that creates the mess in your life.

长句分析:

(1)本句是一个强调句型,将it is , that去掉,重新组合句子:

Not the problem you meet with but your reaction to the problem creates the mess in your life.

(2)not ….but, 不是…而是…, 引导并列主语,the problem 和 your action to the problem ; creates 是谓语动词, the mess是宾语;

(3)you meet with 是一个定语从句修饰先行词problem,该定语从句省略了关系词that/which;

重点词汇语法解析:

(1)强调句型的结构:

It is(was) + 被强调的部分 + that(who) + 其他剩余部分。

该句型可以用来强调主语,宾语,状语,但是不可以强调谓语;

(2)强调句型判断标准:

去掉it is(was), that(who), 句子仍然是一个完整的句子。

(3)not…but…:不是…而是…: 链接两个并列主语时,谓语动词采用就近原则

Not you but I am wrong.

不是你错了,而是我错了。系动词使用am,依据I 来确定的;

(4)meet with: 遭遇,偶尔遇到;

(5) mess: 脏乱,不整洁,困境;

长句翻译:大多数时候,造成生活混乱的不是你遇到的问题,而是你对问题的反应。

第15句:宾语从句,让步状语从句,时间状语从句

She says although she always heard about bullying when she was in primary school, she never thought it would happen.

长句分析:

(1)本题是一个复合句,says是复合句的谓语动词,后面所有的部分都是says的宾语从句;

(2)该宾语从句也是一个复合句,其中although引导了让步状语从句,该状语从句中又包含了when引导了时间状语从句(3)宾语从句的主句是she never thought it would happen.其中it would happen 也是一个宾语从句,做谓语动词thought的宾语。

重点词汇解析:

(1)although 不可以和but连用,但是可以和yet, still 连用;

(2)hear about: 听说;

(3)bully: 恐吓;胁迫;伤害;

(4)primary school:小学

长句翻译:她说虽然她在小学的时候就听说过欺凌,但她从未想过会发生这种事。

第16句:让步状语从句,定语从句

Although happiness is a door that is always open, we are the ones who have to decide if we are going to walk through the door.

长句分析:

(1)although 引导让步状语从句;在该从句中that引导了一个定语从句,修习先行词a door, 并且在定语从句中充当主语的成分;

(2)在主句中,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词the ones,并且在定语从句中充当主语的成分;

(3)在定语从句who have to decide中,if引导宾语从句,做decide宾语;

长句翻译:虽然幸福是一扇永远敞开的门,但我们是决定是否要走进这扇门的人。

第17句:宾语从句,强调句型

He suddenly realized that in the past it was his laziness that made him poor and unhappy

长句分析:

1. Realized是主句的谓语动词,后面的that是一个宾语从句;

2. That引导的宾语从句是一个强调句型:去掉it wash…that…, 宾语从句的正常语序为his laziness made him poor and unhappy;

重要词汇语法解析:

1. suddenly :突然;忽然;猛然;骤然;

2. realize: 实现;意识到;领悟;理解;

3. laziness: 懒惰;

4. make + somebody + 形容词:使某人处于某种状态。形容词为宾语somebody的宾语补足语,对宾语进行补充说明

5. 强调句型的结构:

It is(was) + 被强调的部分 + that(who) + 其他剩余部分。该句型可以用来强调主语,宾语,状语,但是不可以强调谓语;

6. 强调句型判断标准:去掉it is(was), that(who), 句子仍然是一个完整的句子。

长句翻译:他意识到是他的懒惰使他过去贫穷不快乐。x数时候,不是你遇到的问题,而是你对问题的反应造成了你生活中的混乱。

第18句:宾语从句,定语从句,条件状语从句

The strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at was tired, and if they were sleepy, their attractiveness score was low.

长句分析:

1. 首先寻找此长句中的连词:if, and。And前后为句子,因此and 链接了两个并列句;

2. 第一个if引导了宾语从句,充当judging的宾语,If 翻译成是否。且在此宾语从句中嵌套了一个定语从句they were looking at,该定语从句修饰先行词the person, 该定语从句缺少宾语,省略了关系词whom;

3. 第二个if引导的是条件状语从句,翻译成“如果”,主句为后面的their attractiveness score was low。

4. 注意:第二个if 并不是引导宾语从句,做judging的宾语。原因如下:如果if是judging的宾语从句,那么从The strangers到sleepy 是一个句子, 后面的their attractiveness score was low.是另一个句子,两个独立的句子之间应该使用并列连词链接。可是此处并没有连词,因此第二个If不是judging的宾语从句;

重点词汇 解析:

1. be good at: 擅长;

2. judge: 判断;

3. attractiveness:吸引力;魅力;吸引性;

长句翻译:陌生人善于判断对方是否累了,如果困了,他们的吸引力得分就很低。

英语资源合集

资源合集: &

歌曲TED: & 演讲

**纪录片: &

英语教学:

开心英语: &

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-全面回顾被动语态(四)

一般两个动词放在一起时,前面的作谓语,后面的就用不定式,特殊单词有要求的除外,有些只要求接动名词.评价的形容词.例:It’srightofhimtorefusethe

invitation.(him为逻辑主语)

2、表语:Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.

3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记.

例:wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.(book4,L11)

和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等.

Ifounditverydifficulttogeta

job.(it为形式宾语)4、宾语补足语:(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to:例:Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.(book4,L2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词

(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,

make,let,have,help等)后不带to.例:Theyheardhimsingapopsonginthemeetingroom.

5、定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面.

例:Vinnyisthefirstdisabledper鄄sontosailaroundtheworld.(book4,

L1)6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明.

例:Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.

7、状语:表示目的、原因、程度等.

例:Theybroughtinphotosoftheir

familiesformetolookat.(book4,L2)

8、“疑问词+不定式”用法:不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语.

例:Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”

例:Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.

解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语

在中学教科书中,动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点;在历年高考中,动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一;在学生的学习实践中,动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一.为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识,下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳.

I. 不定式作主语

1. 不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部.例如:

It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事.

It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事.

2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同:前者作主语时,常表示某一次具体的动作;而后者常表示习惯性的动作.例如:

To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作.

Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式.

简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.

当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth.".例如:

It's very kind / nice of you to help me.感谢你的帮助.

当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时,应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth.".例如:

It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的.

[高考题例]

1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A. this B. that C. it D. he

2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.

A. for B. of C. about D. from

II. 不定式作宾语

1. 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握四种动词:

1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词.常见动词有: offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等.

2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词.常见动词有: enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等.

3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可,且没有大的区别的动词.常见动词有: start, begin, continue等.

4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可,但意思不同的动词.常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等.例如:

Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门.

I don't remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你.

I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话,我本不该说那些话.

I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你,你没有通过驾驶测试.

The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时.

After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 讨论完经济,部长接着谈论外交政策.

2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,要先用it作形式宾语,而将该不定式后置.例如:

I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的.

I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事.

3. "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语.例如:

I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假.

Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗?

[高考题例]

3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen

4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.

A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking

5. -I usually go there by train.

-Why not ________ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

6. -Was the test difficult?

-Not at all. We found ________ .

A. it very easy for doing

B. very easy to do it

C. it very easy to do

D. it very easy to do it

7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?

-Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.

A. us B. it C. him D. you

8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

A. this B. that C. its D. it

9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .

A. how to make dresses

B. how dresses be made

C. how to be made dresses

D. how dresses to be made

10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the knows ________ .

A. it what to do with

B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it

D. to do what with it

III. 不定式作定语

不定式作定语时,应注意使用不定式的正确形式.请看下列句子:

I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做.

I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做.

Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗?

高三高考跪求英语时态的总结?

《高中英语语法-全面回顾被动语态(四)》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

全面回顾被动语态(四)

七、被动语态与系表结构的区别

当?be+过去分词?作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作;作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时,be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区分办法如下:

1.如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。

例The glass is broken. (系表结构)

The glass was broken by the boy. (被动语态)

2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。

例The door is locked. (系表结构)

The door haslready/just been locked.(被动语态)

3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

例 The machine is being repaired.

八、被动语态与高考试题的内容'>高考试题赏析

1. 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析

1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)

A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

解析 B 因为serve是及物动词,其动作承受者tea作主语,表示经常发生的情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态。

2). This is Ted?s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)

A. killed B. is killed

C. was killed D. was killing

解析 C Ted是kill的承受者,用被动语态,且Ted救人发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?

---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting

C. are painted D. are being painting

解析 A ?house?和?paint?应该是被动的关系,排除B,D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作,排除C。

4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. (上海春2003)

A. are not decided B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

解析 D decide是及物动词,动作的发出者通常是人,句中的主语是动作的承受者,所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet,可判断用现在完成时,不定式做主语用单数,故用现在完成时的被动语态。

5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.(上海春2001)

A. was booked B. had been booked

C. were booked D. have been booked

解析 B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者,主谓为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

2.高考对非谓语动词语态的考查

当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)

A. to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. seen

解析 B 根据题意,那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作,应使用不定式,故排除掉C、D两项;又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者,即?到国外旅行?这件事,这件事有待于?被决定?,应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

2). While shopping, people sometimes can?t help ___ into buying something they don?t really need. (上海1996)

A. to persuaded B. persuading

C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

解析 C can?t help doing ?禁不住做某事?,排除A和D;顾客应是?被劝说?购物的,要用动名词的被动语态。

3). I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. (上海2002)

A. is to blame B. is going to blame

C. is to be blamed D. should blame

解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型,在be to do结构中,在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态,如to blame, to let等。 《高中英语语法-全面回顾被动语态(四)》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)

一、一般时态

1、一般现在时

(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等连用。例如:

1)The moon moves round the earth..

2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.

(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:

1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.

2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.

(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。例如:

1)The plane leaves at three sharp.

2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.

(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:

1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.

2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.

2.一般过去时

(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如:

We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如:

1)He always went to class last.

2)I used to do my homework in the library.

(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)

3.一般将来时

1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如:

I shall graduate next year.

2)几种替代形式:

1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如:

I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.

2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如:

I am to play tennis this afternoon.

3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如:

He was about to start.

4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事。例如:

The train is due to depart in ten minutes.

5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例如:

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.

二、进行时态

1.现在进行时

(1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用。例如:

Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.

(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用。例如:

My father is forever criticizing me.

(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

(4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态。例如:

1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?

(look在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”)

2)Tom is looking for his books.

(look在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”)

2.过去进行时

过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如:

1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

3.将来进行时

将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如:

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.

2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?

4.完成进行时

(现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述。

三、完成时态

完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为:

1.现在完成时

(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如:

1)I have just finished my homework.

2)Mary has been ill for three days.

(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since, for, during, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:

1)I haven’t been there for five years.

2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.

3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.

(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中:

This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如:

(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

2.过去完成时

(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:

1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如:

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.

另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是:

1)was / were + to have done sth,例如:

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.

2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如:

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:

1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如:

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如:

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:

The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

3.将来完成时

将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如:

1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.

3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.

4.完成进行时

完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时。

(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如:

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.

(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如:

It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.

(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如:

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.

四:时态一致

时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是:

1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态

He says that he lives in Wuhan.

We hope that there will be many people at your party today.

“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”

“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”

“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”

2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态

He said he was writing a novel.

The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

He said his father had been an engineer.

3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如:

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

注:在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时。

4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况

利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则。例如:

We insisted that we do it ourselves.

动词的语态

语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态)

2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态)

1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语

(1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。

2.被动语态的时态形式

常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。

表1

时?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般时 进行时 完成时

现在 am asked am being asked

is asked is being asked

are asked are being asked

过去

was be asked was being asked

were be asked were being asked

将来 shall be asked shall have been asked

will be asked will have been asked

过去 should be asked should have been asked

将来 would be asked would have been asked

3.短语动词的被动语态

短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如:

1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.

2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.

4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态

“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.

另外,“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如:

get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)

get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)

get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)

get married(结婚)

5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态

(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来。例如:

1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态)

2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态)

3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)

(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如:

1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)

2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)

6.被动语态与系表结构的区别

(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)

(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态)

7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思

例1:The book is selling remarkably well.

例2:The song sounds very beautiful.

能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)。

例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).

能像need这样用的动词还有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。

例4:The meat is cooking.

例5:The book written by the professor is printing.

文章标签: # to # the # 从句